Shape and features of the graph y = a cos bx + c

Shape and features of y = a cos bx + c when a > 0

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Shape and features of y = a cos bx + c when a < 0

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Question: Deduce the equation of a cosine graph from a diagram

1. The diagram below shows the graph of $y = a \cos (bx) + c $.

diagram

Determine the values of $a$, $b$ and $c$.

(from A Maths 360 Workbook Ex 11.3)

Answer: $ a = 3, b = 2, c = 0 $

Solutions


2. The diagram below shows the graph of $y = a \cos (bx) + c $.

diagram

Determine the values of $a$, $b$ and $c$.

(from A Maths 360 Workbook Ex 11.3)

Answer: $ a = -2, b = 4, c = 2 $

Solutions

Question: Deduce the equation of a cosine graph from it's features

3. The curve $y = a \cos \left(x \over b\right) + c$, where $a$ and $b$ are positive integers, has an amplitude of $4$ units and period of $720^\circ$. The maximum value of $y$ is $3$. State the values of $a$, $b$ and $c$.

Answer: $ a = 4, b = 2, c = -1 $

Solutions

Question: Sketch a cosine graph

4. Sketch the graph of $y = -1 - \cos \left({x \over 2}\right)$, for $ 0 \le x \le 6 \pi $.

Solutions

Question: Symmetry of a cosine graph

5. The diagram above shows part of the graph of $y = 6 - 3 \cos 2x$, passing through the points $(k, 4)$, $(l, 8)$ and $(m, 4)$, where $k$, $l$ and $m$ are constants.

diagram

Using symmetry of the graph, or otherwise, find an equation connecting

(from think! A Maths Worksheet 9B)

(i) $\pi$, $k$ and $m$,

Answer: $ m = k + \pi $

Solutions

(ii) $\pi$, $k$ and $l$,

Answer: $ k + l = {\pi \over 2} $

Solutions

Question: Use a cosine graph to deduce the number of solutions to an equation

6(i) On the same axes, sketch the graphs of $y = 2 \cos 2x$ and $y = \sin x + 1$ for $0 \le x \le 2\pi$.

(from A Maths 360 2nd edition Ex 10.2)

Solutions

6(ii) Hence, find the number of distinct values of $x$, in the interval $0 \le x \le 2\pi$, for which $\cos 2x - {1 \over 2} = {1 \over 2} \sin x $.

Answer: $ \text{4 distinct values of } x $

Solutions

O Level past year questions on the cosine graph

Year & paper Comments
2025 P1 Question 12 Geometry question (very different from prior years)
2024 P1 Question 10 Sketch graph and deduce solutions to equation
2023 P2 Question 7a Deduce equation from information provided (difficult)
2022 P1 Question 10 Sketch graph
2017 P2 Question 10 Sketch graph and deduce number of solutions to inequality
2016 P1 Question 3b Deduce equation from graph
2014 P2 Question 9 Sketch graph and deduce solutions to equation
2012 P1 Question 8 Deduce equation from information and sketch graph
2010 P2 Question 11i Deduce equation from information and sketch graph
2008 P2 Question 7 Sketch graph
2007 P1 Question 9 Sketch graph and deduce solutions to equation
2004 P1 Question 6 Find amplitude, period and the coordinates of maximum point and minimum point (Link - Subscription required)


Trigonometry: Sine graph Trigonometry: Tangent graph